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QAZA SALAT
Notes of Lectures on Fiqh By Maulana Abul Qasim Rizvi
Lecture #10 (Thursday 20 July 2006)
If a wajib salat is not offered within its stipulated time period either
intentionally or by mistake, then it must be offered as Qaza of that
wajib salat. It is a great sin not to offer a wajib salat within its
stipulated time period intentionally (thus making it Qaza). There are
three types of Qaza of wajib salat:
(a) Qaza salat of your own,
(b) Qaza salat of father on his eldest son,
(c) Qaza salat of a person offered by someone else with or without
payment
RULES FOR QAZA SALAT OF YOUR OWN
If you offer a wajib salat in time, but you realise, after the time of
that salat has passed, that the salat you offered was void (batil), then
you must perform its qaza salat. But if you only doubt that your salat
was void, then qaza is not necessary.
A person, having qaza salat due on him, should not be careless about
offering them, although it is not obligatory to offer it immediately.
If you have several qaza salat of past days to offer, it is not
necessary to maintain sequential order in the offering of those qaza
salat. But qaza of Zohr & Asr or qaza of Maghrib & Isha of the same day
must be offered in proper sequence. However it is better to maintain
order in all qaza salat.
If a person could not offer his wajib salat in time because he was
unconscious (or he slept longer by mistake) during the time period of
salat, then he must offer it as Qaza salat.
If a woman misses out wajib salat during her monthly menstruation period
(Haiz), then she does not have to offer qaza of such salat.
If a kafir becomes a Muslim, he does not have to offer qaza salat for
the period he was kafir, because salat is wajib for a Muslim. But if a
person was Muslim, then becomes kafir, and then again reverts to be a
Muslim, then he has to offer qaza salat of that period he became kafir.
If a na-baligh child, who can distinguish between good and bad, misses
out daily salat, then it is recommended for parents to encourage him to
offer qaza salat, though salat is not wajib on a na-baligh person.
If you have a large number of wajib qaza salat due on you, but you do
not know the exact number of those qaza salat, then you should offer
qaza salat of that sufficient number (of days or months or years) which
makes you sure that all qaza have been offered.
Lecture #10 Maulana Abul Qasim Rizvi, Panjtan Ctr, Melbourne 19
Normally there is no Qaza of a Mustahab salat. But it is recommended to
offer qaza salat of the following Mustahab salat if not offered in time:
1. (a) Daily Nafila Salat
2. (b) Daily Salatul Shab
QAZA SALAT OF FATHER ON THE ELDEST SON
If a person did not offer some of his wajib salat in his life time, then
after his death, it is wajib on his eldest son, as ihtiyate wajib, to
offer those qaza salat. If he can not do so, then he may hire someone to
perform those salat. But if the father left those salat as a deliberate
act of transgression, then it is not wajib on the eldest son. Qaza salat
of mother is not wajib on eldest son but it is mustahab on the eldest
son or her any other child.
If the eldest son doubts whether or not his father had any qaza salat,
then it is not wajib on him.
If the eldest son knows that his father had certain number of qaza salat
due on him, but he is in doubt whether his father offered them or not,
then he should offer them as Ihtiyate Wajib.
If a dying person makes a will that someone should be hired to offer his
qaza prayers, and if the hired person offers them correctly, then there
is no obligation on the eldest son.
If the eldest son was na-baligh (or insane baligh) at the time of death
of his father, then qaza salat of his father is not wajib on him even
after he becomes baligh (or becomes sane).
If a father had several sons, but his eldest son died during his
lifetime, then qaza salat of the father will not be wajib on the next
eldest son.
If there is a doubt as to who is the eldest son of a person (for example
in case of twin boys), then it is not wajib on any son to offer qaza
salat of his father.
If the eldest son dies before offering qaza salat of his dead father,
then offering qaza salat
will not be wajib on the second son.
QAZA SALAT OF A PERSON OFFERED BY SOMEONE ELSE
1. Qaza salat of a dead person can be offered by someone else on his
behalf either on payment basis (ijara) or without payment. He must do
Niyyat that he is offering salat on behalf of that person. A male can
also offer qaza salat of a dead female, or vice versa.
2. But qaza salat of a living person can not be offered by someone else
on his behalf, even if that person is unable to offer them. However
certain Mustahab acts of worship, such as Haj, Umra, and Ziarat can be
performed on behalf of a living person if that person is unable to
perform.
3. If the person performing qaza salat of a dead person is under taqleed
of a different Mujtahid, and he offers qaza salat according to his own
Mujtahid, then such salat is valid.
4. The person performing qaza salat cannot offer such salat with
Tayammum for the dead person, who used to offer his salat with Wudu.
5. If you hire someone for qaza salat of a dead person, and find out
that he was not offering salat correctly, then you must hire another
person who offers correctly. But if you doubt that he was not offering
correctly, and then he gives assurance about his correctness, and you
become satisfied, then it is OK.
6. If the hired person himself has his own qaza salat, then he should
not accept to do qaza salat for another person.
You may suffer from the difficulties of performing the
Qadha prayers specially when you have a huge number of prayers, which
might due to some mistakes in your previous prayers such purity
“Taharat” .. etc, or for other reason. Therefore we will try to
demonstrate an easy way to perform the prayer so you can perform all
your prayer in very easy and short time too inshaallah.
The method
Usually when you learn the method of the prayer from our parents,
relatives or others, we do not realize the obligatory and the
recommended things in the prayer. And you think this is the ideal method
of the prayer which makes it valid. Hence sometimes you feel lazy to
perform your qadha and delay it to the next day and so on until you find
that you have a big number of prayers that you should perform. Now we
will show you the simplest method of the prayer without and
recommendations “Mustahabat”
The normal prayer with some Mustahabat is:
1- Athan
2- Iqamah
3- Intention
4- Takbiratul Ehram
5- Qiraat + Mustahabat + Qunut
6- Tasbeeh + Mustahabat (In the third and fourth Rak'ats)
7- Ruku + Mustahabat
8- Sujood + Mustahabat
9- Tashahhud + Mustahabat
10- Salaam + Mustahabat
While The simple prayer without Mustahabat is:
1- Intention
2- Takbiratul Ehram “Allahu Akbar” once
3- Qiraat “sorat Al-Fatiha + short Sura such as Al-Kawthar”
4- Qunut “Subhanallah” is sufficient
5- Tasbeeh (In the third and fourth Rak'ats) “Subhanallahi wal hamdu
lillahi wa la ilaha illal lahu wallahu Akbar” once is sufficient
6- Ruku “Subhanallah” is sufficient or “Subhanallah” three times or
“Subhana Rabbiyal 'Azimi wa bi hamdih” once
7- Sujood “Subhana Rabbiy al-A'la wa bi hamdhi “once or “Subahanallah”
three times
8- Tashahhud “Ash hadu an la ilaha illal lahu wahdahu la sharika lah, wa
ash hadu anna Muhammadan 'Abduhu wa Rasuluh, Alla humma salli 'ala
Muhammadin wa Ali Muhammad”
9- Salaam “Assalamu Alaykum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh” is sufficient
Reciting Takbir before going to Sajdah and after having stood up from
Ruku ..etc is recommended and not obligatory. Therefore if you perform
the prayer in that way then it is sufficient
How to perform your Qadha prayers
You can perform your qadhaa prayer whenever and wherever you like
provided the following:
1- It is not necessary to maintain sequential order in the offering of
qadha, except in the case of prayers for which order has been
prescribed, like, Zuhr and Asr prayers or Maghrib and Isha prayers of
the same day. However, it is better to maintain order in other qadha
prayers also.
2- If a person suspects that he might have qadha on him, or that the
prayers offered by him were not valid, it is not obligatory to perform
it
3- If a person knows that he has not offered a prayer consisting of four
Rak'ats, but does not know whether it is Zuhr or Isha, it will be
sufficient to offer a four Rak'at prayer with the niyyat of offering
qadha prayer for the prayer not offered. And as far as reciting loudly
or silently, he will have an option.
4- If a person has a number of Fajr or Zuhr prayers qadha on him, and he
does not know their exact number, or has forgotten, for example, if he
does not know whether they were three, four or five prayers, it will be
sufficient if he offers the smaller number.
5- Also we advice to perform a number of qadha prayer after the daily
obligatory prayer every day, such as performing ten qadha of Fajir
prayer every day so the result is complete one year of qadha of Fajir
prayer in just 36 days only. Or for example, if you have one year of
Fajr prayer the you can perform ten qadha prayers after Fajir, Zuhr and
Asr, Maghrib and Isha prayers everyday so the result is complete one
year of qadha of Fajir prayer in just ten days only.
And there are other cases that you may find its details in the code of
practice.
May Allah (s.w) accept all you Aamaal.